GATE architecture material - Parts of Arch

An arch is not merely an aesthetic element in architecture; it is an engineering wonder that has endured through the ages. Let's examine the fundamental components that constitute an arch and explore their functions:

Parts of Arches

Abutment or Pier

This refers to the robust support at each end of an arch, securing it in place.

Voussoirs

These wedge-shaped stones construct the arch's curve, with each voussoir being vital for even weight distribution.

Crown

 The crown represents the arch's apex, the highest point of its curve.

Keystone

 Located at the arch's center, the keystone secures all voussoirs, maintaining the arch's stability.

The intrados, or soffit

refers to the underside of an arch.

Extrados

It is the outer surface of an arch or the outer curve of the arch ring.

Span

This is the horizontal measure between the abutments, defining the arch's width.

Rise

The rise denotes the vertical distance from the arch's base (springing line) to its highest point (intrados).

Springing

 Points: These points mark the start of the arch's curve at its base.

Skew-back

It is the surface of the abutment on which the arch rests.

Haunch

The haunch is the arch's midsection, situated between the keystone and the springing points.

Spandrel

This triangular area lies between the arch's outer curve (extrados), a horizontal line from the crown, and a vertical line from the springing points.