Greek Column Orders

Doric Order:

Columns: Doric columns are characterized by their simplicity and sturdy appearance. They have no base and consist of a shaft, capital, and an entablature.

Shaft: The shaft is fluted with 20 shallow vertical grooves, creating a sense of strength and solidity.

Capital: The capital of a Doric column is plain and consists of a rounded echinus (a cushion-like element) and a square abacus (the flat slab at the top).

Entablature: The entablature consists of three parts: the architrave (the bottom horizontal band), the frieze (the middle band often decorated with triglyphs and metopes), and the cornice (the top projecting horizontal element).

Size: Doric columns are typically about 4 to 6 times the diameter of the column in height.

Ionic Order:

Columns: Ionic columns are more slender and ornate than Doric columns. They have a base, a fluted shaft, and an elaborate capital.

Shaft: The shaft is fluted with 24 shallow vertical grooves, which are separated by narrow, flat surfaces.

Capital: The Ionic capital is known for its distinctive scrolls, called volutes, on either side. Below the volutes is a decorated band known as the echinus.

Entablature: The entablature of the Ionic order is typically more decorative, often featuring a continuous frieze with relief sculptures or other ornamentation.

Size: Ionic columns are typically taller and more slender than Doric columns, with a height of around 8 to 9 times the diameter of the column.

Corinthian Order:

Columns: The Corinthian order is the most ornate of the Greek orders. It features a base, a slender fluted shaft, and a highly decorated capital.

Shaft: The shaft is similar to the Ionic order, with 24 flutes, but it may be more slender.

Capital: The Corinthian capital is the most distinctive feature, adorned with intricate acanthus leaves and small scrolls.

Entablature: The entablature is similar to the Ionic order but can be more elaborate in its decoration.

Size: Corinthian columns are typically similar in size to Ionic columns, with a height of around 8 to 9 times the diameter of the column.

These are the three classical Greek column orders, and they have influenced architectural styles throughout history. Understanding their characteristics, sizes, and terms is essential for anyone studying or appreciating Greek architecture.