India Valley Civilisation

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

Around 2500 BC.

India valley civilization sometimes referred as a harrapa civilization.

Major river hakra.

Earliest know civilisation in South Asia.

Cities were designed in grid iron pattern, complex drainage and sewage system.

The 1st to cultivate cotton.

Huge cooperative graineries found in the city.

CITY

* Harrapa - one of the major city measuring 3           miles across.

* Mohenjo-Daro- The largest settlement (35000)      people .

                    Mohanjodaro Arial view

* Large public bath are excavated in the city.

TRANSPORTATION 

* Cattle were used as transportation medium to       transport loaded grains and crops.

*  In addition goods such as ivory, wood, animals,      copper, stone exported to other part, persia ,          india, afganistan and mesopotamia.

WRITING/LITERATURE

* Pictographical seal found but not translated yet.

* Accurate consistent of weight and scale for           balance and seal were made of cube of stone.

ART AND CRAFT

*The main creation of india valley artisan are            small seals inscribed with picture of animal and     pictographical character.

* Seal were made from marble and astabestus.

* Seal were used to impression on wet clay as a mark of ownership.

* People used to make a strong vessels and container.

* Jewellery were made from copper , silver, gold, bronze and iron.

* Many dia made were made for a gambling and games.

ARCHITECTURE

* City were made in grid iron pattern.

* Plan with some large public building and small       building.

* Building were made of mud and bricks.

* Wall were sometimes coated with plaster.

* There was a complicated drainage and sewage     system through out the city.

City had two section

1. Religious

2. Government

Which was surrounded by wall

* Government building always being on the higher mound to the west of residential section.

* A huge grainery at the center of City. 

* A public bath tubs 20x40 ft pool made watertight by a double floor with the layer of bitumen between the two layer of bricks .

* House were build in zigzag line possibly to block wind.

* Other houses were large, some with double stories.

* They had no window opening to the street , all opening to the inner courtyard.

* Bath and latrine individually included with water coming from well.

* No decoration on wall in public building.

RELIGION

* The INDUS valley people probably worshipped a fertility goddess.

* Reprented byany small statue found in excavation.

* The dead body were burried in wooden coffin , pottery bowls and jar were placed with coffin with them.