SKETCHUP FREE PLUGIN - EXTRUDE TOOL

Introduction

Creating complex 3D shapes in SketchUp often requires more than the standard set of tools. While SketchUp’s native push-pull tool is great for basic extrusions, when it comes to modeling curved surfaces, intricate patterns, or detailed geometry, it can feel limiting. This is where the Extrude Tools plugin comes to the rescue. Developed by TIG, Extrude Tools is a set of powerful, user-friendly tools that allow for advanced extrusion techniques that go beyond the basics.

In this post, we’ll explore how the Extrude Tools plugin works, its most useful features, and why it’s a must-have for anyone serious about creating complex 3D models in SketchUp.

                           

What is the Extrude Tools Plugin?

The Extrude Tools plugin is a collection of SketchUp extensions that enable users to perform a variety of advanced extrusion operations. From creating complex lofted surfaces to extruding along curves or even joining surfaces, this plugin offers a wide range of functionality that significantly expands SketchUp’s modeling capabilities.

Key Features of Extrude Tools

- Extrude Edges by Rails: This tool allows you to create complex, lofted surfaces by extruding an edge along two or more guide rails. It’s perfect for modeling organic shapes like curved roofs, bridges, or flowing architecture.

- Extrude by Lathe: Similar to the lathe function in other 3D modeling software, this tool helps you rotate a profile around an axis, ideal for creating objects like columns, vases, or circular architectural elements.

-Extrude Along Vector: Extrude shapes in a specific direction using a vector, allowing for controlled, non-uniform extrusion in any direction.

-Extrude Edges by Faces: Allows for the extrusion of multiple faces along paths, useful for creating intricate geometry and repeated patterns.

- Join Push-Pull: A more advanced version of the native push-pull tool, this allows for the simultaneous extrusion of multiple faces with better control over the resulting shape.

- Create Faces from Edges: Automatically generate surfaces from a network of edges, making it easier to close gaps and create continuous surfaces from complex wireframes.

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How to Use the Extrude Tools Plugin

1.Install the Plugin: Download and install the Extrude Tools plugin from the SketchUp Extension Warehouse or SketchUcation.

2. Choose the Desired Extrusion Tool: Depending on the complexity of your model, select one of the many extrusion options available.

3. Select Geometry: Choose the edges, faces, or curves you want to extrude. The tool allows for precise selection and manipulation.

4. Define Parameters: Adjust parameters like extrusion length, direction, and guide rails to create the desired shape.

5. Apply the Extrusion: Watch as the plugin generates complex 3D geometry in seconds, allowing for further refinement and adjustments as needed.

Applications of Extrude Tools in Architectural Design

-Complex Roof Structures: Use the Extrude Edges by Rails tool to model complex roof designs that involve curved or lofted surfaces.

- Furniture and Product Design: Easily model intricate details, such as curved chairs, custom vases, or organic forms that would be difficult to create using standard tools.

- Bridges and Infrastructure: Create detailed, flowing structures by extruding profiles along multiple rails, perfect for bridges or curved architectural elements.

Why Extrude Tools is Essential for SketchUp Users

- Efficiency: By automating complex extrusions, the plugin saves significant time in the design process, enabling users to create intricate models with minimal effort.

- Ease of Use: Despite its advanced functionality, the Extrude Tools plugin is user-friendly and accessible to beginners, while still offering the depth of control that professionals need.

SKETCHUP FREE PLUGIN - Scale By Tool Plugin

Introduction

Scaling objects in SketchUp is a fundamental part of the design process, whether you're adjusting the size of architectural elements, furniture, or other 3D components. However, the native scaling tool can be limiting when you need precise control or non-uniform scaling options. Enter the Scale By Tool plugin for SketchUp—a powerful extension that allows for more controlled, accurate scaling based on specific dimensions or custom inputs.

In this blog post, we’ll explore the features of the Scale By Tool plugin, how it can improve your workflow, and why it's an essential tool for any SketchUp user looking to achieve precise scaling.

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What is the Scale By Tool Plugin?

The Scale By Tool plugin is an extension for SketchUp that provides enhanced scaling capabilities compared to the native tool. With it, you can scale objects or groups by exact dimensions, percentages, or even non-uniformly in specific directions. This plugin is ideal for architects, designers, and 3D modelers who need fine control over the resizing of objects within their projects.

Key Features of the Scale By Tool Plugin

• Precise Scaling by Dimension: Scale objects to exact dimensions, allowing you to resize models to fit specific design requirements or constraints.
• Non-Uniform Scaling: Scale objects differently along the X, Y, and Z axes, which is especially useful when working with irregular shapes or adjusting proportions.
• Percentage-Based Scaling: Quickly resize components or groups by inputting a specific percentage, perfect for when you need relative changes in size.
• Custom Scaling Planes: The plugin allows you to define custom planes for scaling, providing flexibility when working with complex or angled geometry.
• User-Friendly Interface: The intuitive interface ensures that even users who are new to the plugin can easily navigate and apply precise scaling adjustments.

How to Use the Scale By Tool Plugin

1. Installation: Download and install the Scale By Tool plugin from the SketchUp Extension Warehouse or another trusted source.
2. Select the Object: Choose the component, group, or object you want to scale within your model.
3. Activate Scale By Tool: Open the plugin and select your preferred scaling method—by dimension, percentage, or plane.
4. Input Dimensions: Enter the exact measurements or scaling percentages you want to apply to the object. The plugin will resize the object accordingly.
5. Apply Scaling: Click apply, and the object will be scaled according to your settings. You can further refine the scale if necessary.

Ready to take your scaling game to the next level? Try the Scale By Tool plugin today and experience the difference! Don’t forget to share your experience in the comments below and subscribe for more insights on SketchUp plugins and 3D modeling techniques!

sketchup must have plugin -Curic Face Knife for SketchUp

 Introduction

Creating precise cuts in your 3D models can be a challenge, especially when dealing with complex geometries. The Curic Face Knife extension for SketchUp simplifies this process by providing an intuitive, efficient tool for cutting and slicing faces within your model. Whether you're working on architectural designs, product models, or detailed 3D objects, Curic Face Knife allows you to make accurate cuts with ease. In this post, we’ll dive into the features of this powerful plugin and how it can enhance your modeling workflow.

What is Curic Face Knife?

Curic Face Knife is a SketchUp extension that enables users to easily cut and divide faces within their 3D models. Unlike traditional methods that require multiple steps, this plugin simplifies the cutting process by allowing you to draw cutting lines directly on a surface, making clean, precise cuts in just a few clicks. It’s a versatile tool that helps improve efficiency when working on detailed models.

Key Features of Curic Face Knife

• Draw and Cut: Simply draw a line across any face or surface, and the plugin will automatically cut along that path, making it easy to divide faces precisely.
• Multiple Face Support: Curic Face Knife allows you to cut through multiple faces simultaneously, saving time when working on larger or more complex surfaces.
• Quick Cleanup: Automatically cleans up leftover geometry after cutting, leaving behind only the necessary edges and faces for a clean and organized model.
• Angle and Offset Cutting: Perform cuts at specific angles or with defined offsets, giving you more control over how you modify your 3D model.
• Works with Groups and Components: Easily cut through faces within groups and components without having to explode or ungroup them, maintaining your model’s structure.

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How to Use Curic Face Knife

1. Installation: Install the Curic Face Knife plugin from the SketchUp Extension Warehouse or other trusted sources.
2. Select the Surface: Choose the face or group of faces that you want to cut.
3. Draw the Cut Line: Use the tool to draw a line across the face where you want to make the cut. You can also use predefined guidelines for more precise cuts.
4. Execute the Cut: Once your line is in place, the plugin will cut the face along the path, dividing it cleanly.
5. Clean Up: The plugin automatically cleans up unnecessary edges or geometry, leaving behind a tidy model.

Why Curic Face Knife is a Must-Have for SketchUp Users

• Efficiency: Simplifies complex cutting tasks, saving you time and effort when modifying surfaces in your models.
• Precision: Allows for highly accurate cuts, ensuring your designs maintain professional-quality standards.
• Versatility: Works with a variety of surfaces, from flat faces to more complex geometries, making it suitable for many different types of projects.
• User-Friendly: With an intuitive interface and straightforward functionality, even beginners can start using Curic Face Knife right away.

Have you tried the Curic Face Knife plugin in your SketchUp projects? Let us know how it’s improved your workflow in the comments below. And don’t forget to subscribe for more SketchUp tips, plugin reviews, and design insights!

FREE PLUGIN FOR TEXTURE IN SKETCHUP - Architexture Plugin

Introduction

Applying realistic textures is a crucial aspect of architectural visualization, but it can be a time-consuming and often tricky task. The Architexture plugin for SketchUp simplifies this process by allowing users to quickly generate customizable, seamless textures, perfect for architectural designs. In this post, we’ll explore the features of the Architexture plugin and why it’s a must-have for architects and designers who want to elevate the realism of their models.

What is the Architexture Plugin?

The Architexture plugin is a texture generation tool specifically designed for architectural modeling in SketchUp. It allows users to create detailed and seamless textures, such as bricks, tiles, stones, and paving, with just a few clicks. You can define specific dimensions, colors, and patterns to match the style of your project, ensuring that your model looks realistic and professional.

Key Features of the Architexture Plugin

-Customizable Patterns: Choose from a wide range of patterns, including bricks, tiles, stone, and pavers, and customize their size, spacing, and alignment to match your design needs.

- Seamless Textures: The plugin automatically generates seamless textures, ensuring that there are no visible edges or repetitions in your models.

- Easy Material Assignment: Once a texture is generated, you can easily apply it to your model’s surfaces, making it quick to update the appearance of walls, floors, or exterior facades.

- Realistic Detailing: Architexture allows you to add depth to your textures by adjusting shadow effects, grout size, and color variations, resulting in highly realistic surface finishes.

- Fast and Efficient: Generate and apply textures in a fraction of the time it would take to create them manually, speeding up your workflow without sacrificing quality.

How to Use the Architexture Plugin

1. Installation: Download and install the Architexture plugin from the SketchUp Extension Warehouse or other trusted sources.

2. Select a Pattern: Choose the type of texture you want to generate, whether it’s brick, tile, or stone, and set the dimensions and spacing.

3. Customize the Appearance: Adjust the color, texture, and grout settings to match your design’s aesthetic.

4. Apply to Surfaces: Once your texture is generated, apply it to any surface in your model with just a few clicks.

5. Refine as Needed: Modify texture settings if necessary, and watch your architectural model come to life with realistic, professional-quality textures.

Applications of Architexture in Design

- Exterior Facades: Quickly create brick or stone textures for building exteriors, ensuring that your design accurately reflects the final material finish.

- Interior Walls: Generate tile or stone textures for interior walls, such as kitchens or bathrooms, for realistic and detailed visualizations.

- Flooring: Use the plugin to create detailed floor textures, from hardwood planks to tiled surfaces, enhancing the realism of your architectural models.

- Landscape Design: Apply textures to outdoor surfaces like pathways, patios, or pavers, ensuring cohesive and realistic landscaping in your projects.

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Have you used Architexture in your architectural projects? Share your experience in the comments below, and don’t forget to subscribe for more tips on SketchUp plugins, tutorials, and architectural design insights!

Floor Generator Plugin for SketchUp - FREE SKETCHUP PLUGIN

 

               

Introduction

Designing detailed floor layouts in SketchUp can be a time-consuming task, especially when you need to create intricate patterns and realistic textures. Fortunately, the Floor Generator plugin simplifies this process by automating the creation of floor patterns, tiles, and wood planks with customizable options. In this blog post, we’ll dive into how the Floor Generator plugin works, its key features, and why it’s a game-changer for architects, interior designers, and 3D modelers.

What is the Floor Generator Plugin?

The Floor Generator plugin is a SketchUp extension designed to generate realistic floor patterns in just a few clicks. Whether you're working on hardwood, tiles, or any other flooring type, this plugin allows you to customize the size, shape, and layout of floor panels, saving you hours of manual work. It also gives you precise control over spacing, alignment, and the overall appearance of your floor designs.

Key Features of Floor Generator

- Automatic Tile and Plank Generation: The plugin automatically generates floor tiles, planks, or panels based on user-defined parameters like size, length, width, and spacing.

- Customizable Patterns: You can create different patterns such as herringbone, random, staggered, or grid, giving you flexibility for various design styles.

- Realistic Gaps and Offsets: Add realistic gaps between floorboards or tiles, and control offsets for staggered effects, making your designs look more authentic.

- Material Assignment: Easily apply materials and textures to the generated floor, ensuring that the floor matches the overall aesthetic of your 3D model.

- Easy Modifications: After generating the floor, you can make adjustments to individual tiles or planks, providing full control over your design without starting from scratch.

How to Use Floor Generator

1. Install the Plugin: Download and install the Floor Generator plugin from the Extension Warehouse or SketchUcation.

2. Set Parameters: Open the plugin and set your desired parameters, such as tile or plank size, pattern type, and spacing.

3. Generate the Floor: Once you’ve entered your settings, simply select the area where the floor will be placed, and the plugin will automatically generate the pattern.

4. Apply Materials: Use SketchUp’s material library to add textures like wood, tiles, or stone to the generated floor for a realistic finish.

Why Floor Generator is Essential for SketchUp Users

- Time-Saving: No more manually drawing each individual plank or tile—Floor Generator automates the process, significantly reducing design time.

- Precision: Ensure accurate and evenly spaced floors, helping you achieve a professional and realistic look in your 3D models.

- Customization: The plugin’s flexibility allows for endless customization, enabling you to create a wide range of flooring styles with ease.

 Have you tried the Floor Generator plugin? Share your experience or floor design tips in the comments below, and don’t forget to subscribe for more SketchUp tutorials, plugin reviews, and 3D modeling tips!

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SKETCHUP FREE PLUGIN FOR TEXTURE

ARCHITECTURE PLUGIN 

Architexture is a SketchUp plugin designed to create custom textures and patterns for architectural surfaces, like walls, floors, and facades. It allows users to generate seamless textures with adjustable parameters for color, scale, and detail, enhancing the realism and accuracy of 3D models. Ideal for architects and designers, this plugin simplifies the process of applying detailed surface textures, saving time and improving visual quality.

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JHS PowerBar plugin for SketchUp 2024

 Introduction

When it comes to enhancing productivity and efficiency in SketchUp, having the right tools at your fingertips can make all the difference. The **JHS PowerBar** plugin is a powerful, all-in-one toolbar that compiles some of the most useful SketchUp tools and plugins into a single, easy-to-access interface. Developed by Cadman and Jim Hamilton, this plugin is a must-have for anyone looking to streamline their 3D modeling workflow. In this post, we’ll explore the features of JHS PowerBar, how it works, and why it’s an essential tool for SketchUp users.

*What is JHS PowerBar?

JHS PowerBar is a free SketchUp plugin that integrates a wide range of essential tools into one convenient toolbar. This plugin doesn’t introduce new tools but rather brings together some of the best and most frequently used plugins, scripts, and native SketchUp functions into a single, easy-to-access location. This makes it easier to find and use the tools you need without having to navigate through multiple menus.

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*Key Features of JHS PowerBar

- Unified Toolbar : Combines numerous tools from different plugins into one toolbar, saving you time and effort in searching for the right tool.

- Customizable : While JHS PowerBar comes preloaded with many tools, it can be customized to include other plugins and scripts that you frequently use.

- Improved Workflow : By centralizing essential tools, the plugin helps to speed up your workflow, making it ideal for both beginners and advanced users.

- Wide Range of Tools : Includes tools for common tasks like scaling, rotating, and copying, as well as more advanced operations like terrain modeling, line simplification, and complex geometry creation.

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*How to Use JHS PowerBar

Using JHS PowerBar is straightforward and intuitive, even for those new to SketchUp:

1.Installation : First, download and install the JHS PowerBar plugin from the SketchUcation Plugin Store or another trusted source. Once installed, the toolbar will appear in your SketchUp workspace.

2.Explore the Toolbar : Familiarize yourself with the toolbar’s layout. JHS PowerBar includes tools for drawing, editing, terrain modeling, and more. Hover over each icon to see a tooltip description of its function.

3.Customize the Toolbar : You can add or remove tools based on your preferences. If you have other plugins you frequently use, you can integrate them into JHS PowerBar to create a personalized, all-in-one toolbar.

4. Use the Tools : To use a tool, simply click on its icon in the JHS PowerBar. The plugin includes tools for basic operations like moving, scaling, and rotating, as well as more specialized functions like shape bending, terrain modeling, and volume calculation.

*Why JHS PowerBar is Essential for SketchUp Users

- Efficiency : Centralizes all the essential tools you need in one place, reducing the time spent searching through menus.

- Flexibility : Customizable to fit your specific workflow, allowing you to add tools and plugins that are most relevant to your projects.

- User-Friendly : Ideal for both beginners who need a streamlined set of tools and advanced users looking for a more efficient workflow.

*Have you tried JHS PowerBar in your projects? Share your experience and any tips in the comments below. Don’t forget to subscribe for more SketchUp tutorials, plugin reviews, and design tips!

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1001bit Tools Plugin for SketchUp - Free SketchUp Plugin

Introduction

For architects and designers, creating detailed architectural elements can be time-consuming, especially when working on complex structures. The 1001bit Tools plugin for SketchUp is designed to streamline this process by providing a suite of automated tools that make architectural modeling faster and more efficient. In this post, we’ll explore the features of 1001bit Tools, how it can enhance your workflow, and why it’s a valuable addition to any SketchUp user’s toolkit.

What is 1001bit Tools?

1001bit Tools is a powerful SketchUp plugin that offers over 70 different tools tailored specifically for architectural modeling. It automates the creation of common architectural features such as staircases, walls, windows, doors, roofs, and more. With 1001bit Tools, what used to take hours can now be done in just a few clicks, allowing you to focus on the creative aspects of your design.

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Key Features of 1001bit Tools

-Staircase Generator: Automatically create various types of staircases, including straight, spiral, and custom designs, with customizable dimensions and styles.

- Wall Creation: Generate walls with precise control over thickness, height, and layering, including features like automatic wall joins and openings for doors and windows.

- Roof Framing Tools: Quickly model complex roof structures with tools for creating rafters, trusses, beams, and other roof elements, ensuring accurate alignment and spacing.

- Door and Window Components: Insert customizable doors and windows into your model with ease, including options for different styles, sizes, and placements.

- 2D and 3D Trusses: Automatically create 2D and 3D trusses with detailed parameters, ideal for roof framing and structural modeling.

- Advanced Boolean Operations: Perform complex Boolean operations like cutting, joining, and intersecting multiple objects or components with precision.

- Parametric Tools: Adjust the parameters of created elements easily, allowing for quick modifications and updates to your design without starting from scratch.

  How to Use 1001bit Tools

Here’s a brief overview of how you can integrate 1001bit Tools into your SketchUp workflow:

1. Installation: Download and install 1001bit Tools from the SketchUp Extension Warehouse or another trusted source. Once installed, the tools will appear in a dedicated toolbar within SketchUp.

2. Explore the Tools: Start by familiarizing yourself with the different tools available. The plugin categorizes tools into groups such as walls, roofs, stairs, and openings, making it easy to find what you need.

3. Create Architectural Elements : Use the specific tools to generate architectural elements like walls, roofs, or staircases. Input your desired dimensions and parameters, and the plugin will automatically generate the component.

4. Modify as Needed : All elements created with 1001bit Tools are parametric, meaning you can easily adjust their properties after creation. This flexibility allows you to experiment with different design options quickly.

5. Combine with Native Tools : While 1001bit Tools automates many tasks, it works seamlessly with SketchUp’s native tools, allowing you to refine and customize elements further.

Applications of 1001bit Tools in Architectural Design

- Residential Design : Quickly model entire houses or residential complexes, including walls, roofs, doors, windows, and stairs.

- Commercial Projects : Use the plugin to create detailed models of commercial buildings, complete with complex roofing systems and structural elements.

- Interior Architecture : Design interior spaces efficiently, placing doors, windows, and staircases with precision and ease.

- Educational Models: Ideal for students and educators, 1001bit Tools simplifies the process of creating detailed architectural models, allowing for more focus on learning and design exploration.

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Why 1001bit Tools is a Must-Have for SketchUp Users

- Time-Saving: Automates repetitive tasks, drastically reducing the time needed to create detailed architectural models.

- Precision : Ensures accurate and consistent results, crucial for professional architectural projects.

- Ease of Use: Intuitive interface makes it accessible to both beginners and experienced users, with minimal learning curve.

- Versatility : Suitable for a wide range of architectural projects, from small residential designs to large commercial developments.

 Have you tried 1001bit Tools in your projects? Share your experiences and tips in the comments below. Don’t forget to subscribe for more SketchUp tutorials, plugin reviews, and architectural design insights!

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Sketchup top 10 Free Plugin in 2024

 

Introduction

SketchUp’s versatility is enhanced by a wide range of plugins, many of which are available for free. These plugins can significantly expand the software’s capabilities, allowing you to work more efficiently and achieve better results without spending a dime. In this post, we’ll explore ten of the best free SketchUp plugins that every 3D modeler should know about.

1. Selection Toys 

Purpose: Enhanced Selection Tools  

Description: Selection Toys is a must-have plugin that enhances SketchUp’s selection capabilities. It allows you to select objects by various criteria, such as by material, layer, or type (e.g., edges, faces). This makes managing complex models much easier, saving you time on tasks like cleanup and editing.

2. 1001bit Tools

Purpose: Architectural Modeling  

Description: 1001bit Tools offers a collection of architectural tools that streamline the modeling process for features like stairs, walls, and windows. It includes tools for creating parametric staircases, roof framing, and even wall extensions, making it an invaluable resource for architectural designers.

3. Soap Skin & Bubble 

Purpose: Organic Surface Modeling  

Description: Soap Skin & Bubble is a unique plugin that allows you to create organic surfaces by "inflating" flat mesh geometries into bubble-like forms. It’s perfect for creating complex, curved surfaces that would be difficult to model using standard tools, especially in architectural and product design.

4. Weld  

Purpose: Joining Segmented Edges  

Description: Weld is a simple but powerful plugin that allows you to join multiple edges into a single polyline. This is especially useful when working with complex paths or when you need to simplify your geometry for better modeling efficiency.

5. Eneroth Open Newer Version  

Purpose: Compatibility Management  

Description: This plugin is a lifesaver if you ever need to open a SketchUp file created in a newer version of the software. It allows you to convert newer files to older formats that are compatible with your current version of SketchUp, ensuring you can continue working without upgrading.

6. JHS Powerbar Plugin

Purpose: Combines numerous tools from different plugins into one toolbar

Description: FredoScale extends SketchUp’s scaling capabilities, allowing you to scale objects in non-uniform ways, such as tapering, stretching, or twisting. This plugin is perfect for creating more dynamic and complex models, especially when working with irregular shapes.

6. CleanUp³

Purpose: Model Optimization  

Description: CleanUp³ is an essential plugin for keeping your models optimized and running smoothly. It helps you remove unnecessary geometry, purge unused materials and components, and fix errors in your model, which is crucial for large or detailed projects.

8. Edge Tools² 

Purpose: Edge and Geometry Editing  

Description: Edge Tools² is a collection of tools designed to help you clean up and manage edges in your model. It includes functions for finding and fixing stray edges, simplifying geometry, and closing gaps, making it easier to create clean, watertight models for 3D printing or other purposes.

9. Truebend plugin

Purpose: Bending model in x-y plane  

Description: TrueBend is a free SketchUp plugin developed by ThomThom, a well-known plugin creator in the SketchUp community. The plugin is designed to bend selected geometry along a predefined curve, offering users an intuitive way to create complex shapes that would be difficult or time-consuming to achieve using SketchUp’s native tools.

10. Shape Bender plugin

Purpose: hape Bender bends objects along a user-defined path

Description: Shape Bender is a free plugin that enables users to bend objects along a predefined path in SketchUp. This powerful tool is ideal for creating smoothly curved shapes and components that follow a specific trajectory, such as bent railings, curved walls, or even complex design elements in furniture.

Conclusion

These free plugins are indispensable for anyone looking to enhance their SketchUp experience without spending any money. Whether you're a beginner or a seasoned pro, these tools can help you work more efficiently and achieve more with your models.

 Have you tried any of these plugins? Which ones do you find most useful? Let us know in the comments, and don’t forget to subscribe for more SketchUp tips and resources!

10 Sources for Free 3D Models

Finding quality 3D models can significantly streamline an architect’s workflow, especially when tackling time-consuming projects. Many talented 3D designers create models for others, making life easier for professionals by offering realistic elements like furniture, fixtures, and more. Here are 10 top sources to find free 3D models for your next design project:

1.Thingiverse

Thingiverse offers a wide range of 3D models across categories like gadgets, art pieces, educational items, and more. Primarily geared toward 3D printing, the models are provided in popular formats such as STL and OBJ, making them compatible with tools like Blender and Cura.

2. Sketchfab

Sketchfab is a popular platform among artists, designers, and architects, offering a variety of free and paid 3D models. It supports exports to multiple design software like Blender, Unity, and Unreal Engine, with free models often available under Creative Commons licenses.

3.TurboSquid

TurboSquid provides highly detailed 3D models used by professionals in game development, engineering, and film. Although known for its premium content, TurboSquid also offers some free models that are available in formats like OBJ, MAX, and FBX, suitable for 3ds Max and Blender.

 4. GrabCAD

A go-to platform for engineers and product designers, GrabCAD specializes in detailed technical models, including mechanical parts and assemblies. These models are available for free and are compatible with software such as SolidWorks and AutoCAD.

5. CGTrader

CGTrader offers a blend of free and paid 3D models, including character designs, vehicles, and architectural elements. Although it features a higher number of paid models, it still provides a solid range of free content in formats like OBJ and FBX, compatible with software like Maya and Unity.

6. 3D Warehouse

3D Warehouse, a part of Sketchup, is favored by architects and interior designers. It offers free 3D models covering architectural elements, furniture, and complete projects. The models can be easily downloaded in various formats and used in powerful design software like 3ds Max and Unreal Engine.

7. Free3D

As the name suggests, Free3D offers a diverse selection of free models, including characters, vehicles, and electronics. These models are available in multiple formats, such as OBJ and FBX, making them usable across different platforms like Blender and Maya.

 8. Freepik

Known primarily for its digital design assets, Freepik has recently ventured into 3D models, offering a selection of free models in OBJ and FBX formats. These are ideal for graphic designers, architects, and marketers who need flexible assets for various design projects.

9. Cults3D

Cults3D focuses on 3D printing and offers a range of models in STL format. Its collection covers everything from fashion and art to home décor and toys, with a strong emphasis on creativity and quality. This platform caters mainly to hobbyists and 3D printing enthusiasts.

 10. 3DExport

3DExport provides a wide selection of 3D models, including vehicles, household items, and architecture. Although more focused on premium content, it also offers free models in formats like OBJ and FBX, suitable for use in leading design tools like Blender and Unity.

Sketchup Plugin For Texture - Architexture plugin

Architextures plugin for SketchUp-

enables the creation of materials within SketchUp using the Architextures web application. Materials can be imported immediately, facilitating the instant testing of material options for your design, thus eliminating the manual process of downloading, importing, and scaling materials. 

Textures that have been imported can be modified by right-clicking on a surface with the assigned material and choosing 'Edit with Architextures'.

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Sketchup Artisan 2 plugin

ARTISAN TOOL SKETCHUP 

Artisan is a SketchUp extension that enables the creation of what seems impossible. It boasts robust tools for subdivision, sculpting, soft selection, free-form deformation, extrusion, among others, empowering you to craft detailed models of terrain, characters, furniture, and various intricate organic shapes.

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Sketchup True bend plugin / sketchup free plugin

The TrueBend tool bends instances to a specified degree while preserving the original length of the reference segment, which is currently the bottom front of the bounding box. The bending occurs along the X (red) axis of the component, so it's important to align your instance axis with the bend. 
You can control the number of segments by
 entering the desired number followed by 's' in the VCB, such as '24s'. 
To revert to adjusting the bend angle via the VCB, 
simply append 'deg', like '60deg'. You can access True-Bend from the Tools menu, by right-clicking, or from the Toolbars.

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SKETCHUP EXTRUSION PLUGIN - FREE PLUGIN

 

Extension Description – Extrude Tools

Extrude Tools is an extension for SketchUp created by TIG that provides additional extrusion capabilities. This extension includes a variety of tools for extruding along edges, rails, and beyond.

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GATE ARCHITECTURE MATERIAL - Building Earthquake-Resistant Structures

Building Earthquake-Resistant Structures: Engineering Solutions to Natural Disasters

Natural disasters like earthquakes and floods can wreak havoc on infrastructure, often leading to significant losses. While we can't completely prevent these events, engineering can help us mitigate their impact. Proper planning and construction strategies can make buildings more resilient to such disasters.

Understanding Earthquakes

Before designing earthquake-resistant buildings, it's essential to understand what earthquakes are and how they occur. Earthquakes are sudden shakes or disruptions in the Earth's crust, generating shock waves that travel through the lithosphere and cause seismic activity. These seismic waves result in the ground shaking that characterizes an earthquake.

Why Buildings Fail During Earthquakes

Foundation Instability

Most structures are designed to support their own weight under normal conditions. However, they often lack the capacity to withstand the irregular, multidirectional, and intense side-to-side loads experienced during an earthquake. This instability can lead to structural collapse.

 Material Failure

Poor-quality materials or those not designed to withstand seismic vibrations can cause buildings to fail during an earthquake. High-quality, durable materials are crucial for earthquake resistance.

Design Flaws

Buildings not designed with the capability to withstand seismic waves and lacking high ductility can suffer catastrophic failures during an earthquake. Proper architectural and engineering design is essential.

Soil Failure

Earthquakes can transform soft soil into a substance akin to quicksand, unable to support the structure's weight. This phenomenon, known as liquefaction, can cause severe damage.

Joint Failure

Inadequate clearance between structures and overly rigid joints between columns and beams can lead to collapse during an earthquake. Proper joint design and spacing are critical.

Building Earthquake-Resistant Structures

Robust Foundations

A solid foundation is vital for any structure. However, not all foundations are created equal; they must be tailored to the specific needs of the building. For earthquake resistance, structures should be placed on pads made of steel, rubber, and lead, which can absorb seismic waves and keep the building steady while the ground moves.

Vibration Control Devices

Incorporating vibration control devices in the structural design can significantly reduce seismic hazards. These devices absorb energy and are typically used in mid- or high-rise buildings to withstand earthquakes and strong winds.

Cross Bracing System

Cross bracing, where diagonal supports intersect in an X-shaped pattern, is effective in earthquake-resistant construction. This system helps buildings withstand lateral forces like wind and seismic waves, with one brace in tension and the other in compression during an earthquake.

Diaphragms

Diaphragms, which are floors and roofs that transfer lateral forces to vertical components, play a crucial role in maintaining structural integrity during seismic events. They help distribute seismic forces across the building.

Earthquake-Resistant Materials

Using high-quality, ductile materials is essential for earthquake-resistant construction. Materials like steel and wood can undergo significant deformations and tensions without failing. Innovations like memory alloys, which can return to their original shape after heavy strains, provide additional resilience.

Load Considerations

Buildings should be designed with load considerations in mind. Taller structures typically have narrower shapes at higher levels, making lower floors less likely to crumble during an earthquake. Reinforcing concrete and using materials like Polyurethane (PU) insulated panels can strengthen the structure.

By incorporating these engineering principles, we can build structures that are better equipped to withstand natural disasters like earthquakes, minimizing damage and enhancing safety. Proper planning, design, and material selection are key to creating resilient buildings that stand the test of time.

Soap Skin Bubble Plugin Sketchup 2024

 

Soap Skin & Bubble

is a tool designed for the initial studies of surfaces strained mechanically and pneumatically.

Tensile structures are captivating architectural forms. However, those who wish to sketch these buildings often face challenges with visualizing the structure. this plugin gonna help you to create such model.

Click to Download plugin

GATE Architecture material / International Green Building Rating Systems

International Green Building Rating Systems

1. Australia
- Rating System: Green Star
 2. Brazil
- Rating System: AQUA/LEED Brasil
3. Canada
- Rating System: LEED, Canada/Green Globes
4. China
- Rating System: Label-3
5. Finland
- Rating System: PromisE/Green Building Council Finland
6. France
- Rating System: HQE
7. Germany
- Rating System: DGNB/CEPHEYS
8. Hong Kong
- Rating System: KHBEAM
 9. India
- Rating System: GRIHA, Indian Green Building Council (IGBC)
10. Indonesia
- Rating System: Greenship, Green Building Council Indonesia
11. Italy
- Rating System: Protocollo ITACA, Green Building Council Italia
12. Japan
- Rating System: CASBEE
13. Korea
- Rating System: KGBC
14. Malaysia
- Rating System: GBI Malaysia
15. Mexico
- Rating System: LEED Mexico
16. Netherlands
- Rating System: BREEAM Netherlands
17. New Zealand
- Rating System: Green Star NZ
18. Philippines
- Rating System: BERDE, Philippines Green Building Council
#### 19. Portugal
- **Rating System**: LiderA
20. Singapore
- Rating System: Green Mark
 21. UAE
- Rating System: Estidma
22. UK
- Rating System: BREEAM
 23. USA
- Rating System: LEED
This comprehensive list of international green building rating systems highlights the various certifications and councils dedicated to promoting sustainable building practices across different countries.

GATE ARCHITECTURE MATERIAL / water supply requirement

Understanding Water Supply Requirements for Different Building Types

Ensuring adequate water supply is essential for various types of buildings and their occupants. Here’s a detailed breakdown of water supply requirements in liters per person for different establishments:

• Residential and Accommodation

Residential:- 135 liters per person

Hostel: -135 liters per person

Hotels:- 180 liters per person

• Work and Public Spaces

Office: 45 liters per person

Factory: 30-45 liters per person

Restaurant (per seat): 70 liters

Cinema Hall (per seat): 15 liters

School: 45 liters per person

Boarding School: 135 liters per person

• Healthcare Facilities

Hospitals (bed count <100): 340 liters per bed

Hospitals (bed count >100): 450 liters per bed

Nurse/Medical Quarters:      135 liters per person

• Building Units Usage

Primary & High School: --Minimum area of 1000 m²

Educational Institutions Community Hall, Marriage Hall, Town Hall, Assembly Hall, Cinema Theatre: -Minimum area of 2000 m²

Petrol Pump (without service station): Minimum area of 1000 m²

Petrol Pump (with service station): Minimum area of 2000 m²

Religious Places (temples, masjids, church): 500 m² (Built-up area <20% of plot area)

Industries (plot width >15m): More than 300 m²

Meeting these requirements ensures that each type of building has sufficient water for its daily operations and occupants, promoting health, hygiene, and efficiency.

GATE ATCHITECTURE MATERIAL / Parking Standards by Land Use

Parking Standards by Land Use

1. Residential

Residential Plot‐Plotted Housing

Parking Standards:- 2 Equivalent Car Space (ECS) in plots of size 250‐300 sqm and 1 ECS for every 100 sqm. built-up area, in plots exceeding 300 sqm.

Residential Plot ‐ Group Housing

Parking Standards:- 2.0 ECS/100 sqm built-up area

 Cluster Court Housing

Parking Standards:- 2.0 ECS/100 sqm built-up area

Guest House / Lodging & Boarding House / Dharamshala

Parking Standards:- 2 ECS per 100 sqm. of built-up area

2. Commercial Centers

Convenience Shopping Centre/Local Shopping Centre / Local Level Commercial areas

Parking Standards:- 2 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area

Service Market

Parking Standards:- 2 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area

Community Centre / Non-hierarchical Commercial Centre

Parking Standards:- 3 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area

District Centre/ Sub-Central Business District/Sub-City Level Commercial areas

Parking Standards:-3 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area

Commercial Plot: Retail & Commerce Metropolitan City Centre

Parking Standards:- 3 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area

 Hotel

Parking Standards:- 3 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area
  - For Population between 2-10 lakh: 1 car parking space for every 4 guest rooms.
  - For Population between 10-50 lakh: 1 car parking space for every 3 guest rooms.
  - For Population more than 50 lakh: 1 car parking space for every 2 guest rooms.

Service Apartments

Parking Standards:- 3 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area

Any other commercial center including commercial component along with Railway/MRTS and ISBT

Parking Standards:- 3 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area

Integrated Freight Complex/ Wholesale Market

Parking Standards:-3 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area

Remark: In case of plots up to 300 sqm. common parking is to be provided.

3. Socio-Cultural Facilities

Community Hall

Parking Standards:-3.0 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area

Recreational Club

Parking Standards:- 2 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area

 Socio-cultural activities such as auditorium, music, dance & drama, centre / meditation, spiritual centre etc.

Parking Standards:- 2 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area

Science Centre

Parking Standards:- 2 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area

International Convention Centre

Parking Standards:- 2 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area

Old Age Home / Care Centre for Physically / Mentally Challenged / Working Women / Men Hostel / Adult Education Centre / Orphanage / Children's Centre / Night Shelter

Parking Standards:- 1.8 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area

Sport Facility for International Sports Event

Parking Standards:- 2 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area

4. Public-Semi Public

 Integrated Office Complex

Parking Standards:-1.8 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area

Remark:-

The norms for Local Government offices / Public Sector Undertakings under Government Land use shall be as per Integrated Office Complex.

District Court

Parking Standards:- 1.8 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area

Head Post Office with Administrative Office & with / without Delivery Office

Parking Standards:- 1.33 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area

Amusement Park

Parking Standards:- 3 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area

ISBT/Metro

Parking Standards:- 2 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area

Hospitals

Parking Standards:- 2 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area

Veterinary Hospital

- **Parking Standards:** 1.33 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area

Veterinary Dispensary

Parking Standards:- 1.33 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area

Nursing and Paramedic Institute

Parking Standards:- 2 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area

Medical College

Parking Standards:- As per norms of Medical Council of India / Regulatory Body

6.Industry

Industrial Plot up to 50 sqm area

Parking Standards:- 2 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area

Industrial Plot 51 sqm - 400 sqm area

Parking Standards:- 2 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area

Industrial Plot 401 sqm and above

Parking Standards:- 2 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area

Flatted Group Industry (Min Plot size 400 sqm)

Parking Standards:- 2 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area

6. Mixed Land Use

Parking Standards:- 2.0 ECS / 100 sqm built-up area shall be provided within the premises.
Remark:-Where this is not available, the cost of development of parking shall be payable by the plot allottee / owner to the local body concerned or Multi-level parking to be provided as an option. This condition shall apply even if residential premises are used only for professional activity.

 Parking Standards by Use Premises

| S.No.  | Use Premises            |Permissible Equivalent Car Spaces (ECS) per 100 sqm. of Floor Area |
| 1         | Residential                  |                     2.0                                                                                     |
| 2         | Commercial                |                     3.0                                                                                     |
| 3         | Industrial                     |                    2.0                                                                                      |
| 4         | Public Building           |                    1.8                                                                                      |
| 5         | Semi-Public Facilities |                  2.0                                                                                        |
| 6         | Mixed Land Use         |                   2.0                                                                                       |

BPSC Assistant Architect 2024 Answer solution

 Let's solve the problems one by one.

1. Match the Building Materials in Column I with their respective BIS Colour Codes in Column II.

• P. Glass: 4. Neutral tint
• Q. Metal Section: 3. Blue
• R. Cement Render: 5. Mauve
• S. Marble: 1. Black

So, the correct option is: (D) P - 2, Q - 1, R - 3, S - 5

2. The classification system for Rural roads in India is based on

• (A) Delhi Plan
• (B) Bombay Plan
• (C) Bengaluru Plan
• (D) Nagpur Plan

The correct answer is: (D) Nagpur Plan

3. One bag of cement of 50 Kg is equal to

• (A) .34 cu m
• (B) .0034 cu m
• (C) 0.034 cu m
• (D) 3.4 cu m

The correct answer is: (C) 0.034 cu m

4. Which of the ‘Piles’ is best suited where the ground is soft and offers little frictional resistance to concrete flow?

• (A) Vibro Pile
• (B) Raymond Pile
• (C) MacArthur Pile
• (D) Franki Pile

The correct answer is: (B) Raymond Pile

5. The axial system of Planning during the Renaissance period was introduced by

• (A) Lorenzo Bernini
• (B) Hippodamus
• (C) King Louis
• (D) Popolo Victous

The correct answer is: (B) Hippodamus

6. Guggenheim Museum at Bilbao Spain is designed by

• (A) Walter Gropius
• (B) Mies van der Rohe
• (C) Frank Owen Gehry
• (D) Frank Lloyd Wright

The correct answer is: (C) Frank Owen Gehry

7. The principal characteristics of a Palladian style building is

• (A) Porticoes
• (B) Rib vaults
• (C) Ornamentation
• (D) Pointed arches

The correct answer is: (A) Porticoes

8. The revised estimate is required to be prepared, when the original sanctioned estimate is exceeded or likely to exceed by more than

• (A) 2.5%
• (B) 5.0%
• (C) 10%
• (D) 2.0%

The correct answer is: (B) 5.0%

9. As per manual on solid waste management, CPHEEO-2000, the waste generation per capita per day for estimation and forecast of waste generation for future planning purposes in residential areas is:

• (A) 0.5 - 0.8 kg/cap/day
• (B) 0.05 - 0.2 kg/cap/day
• (C) 0.3 - 0.6 kg/cap/day
• (D) 0.1 - 0.2 kg/cap/day

The correct answer is: (C) 0.3 - 0.6 kg/cap/day

Notes:-This range is typically used for urban areas in India when planning solid waste management systems. It accounts for variations in waste generation across different types of residential areas and socio-economic groups within cities.

10. The small patches of swelling in plaster due to improper slaking of lime particles is known as:

• (A) Cracking
• (B) Blistering
• (C) Pilastering
• (D) Efflorescence

The correct answer is: (B) Blistering

11. The principles of Planning enunciated by Sir Patrick Geddes are:

• (A) Folk, Place and Work
• (B) Form, Function and Work
• (C) Folk, Function and Work
• (D) Form, Place and Function

The correct answer is: (A) Folk, Place and Work

Explanation:

Sir Patrick Geddes, a Scottish biologist, sociologist, geographer, and pioneering town planner, is known for his holistic approach to urban planning. He introduced the concept of "Folk, Place and Work" as the fundamental principles of planning, which is often referred to as the "Geddes Trinity" or "Place-Work-Folk" paradigm. Here's a brief explanation of each:

1. Folk: This refers to the people, their culture, social structures, and communities. It emphasizes the importance of considering the human aspect in planning.
2. Place: This relates to the geographical and environmental context, including the natural landscape, climate, and built environment.
3. Work: This encompasses the economic activities, livelihoods, and occupations of the people in the area.

12. Which of the following method is not used for computation of depreciation?

• (A) Sinking fund method
• (B) Curve line method
• (C) Present worth method
• (D) Straight line method

The correct answer is: (B) Curve line method

13. Match the Scientific names of the trees in Column I with their Common names in Column II.

• P. Broussonetia papyrifera: 3. Paper Mulberry
• Q. Drypetes roxburghii: 1. Putranjiva
• R. Salix tetrasperma: 4. Indian Willow
• S. Prunus persica: 2. Peach tree

So, the correct option is: (D) P - 3, Q - 1, R - 4, S - 2

Each of these trees has distinct characteristics:

1. Paper Mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera) is known for its use in paper-making in some cultures.
2. Putranjiva (Drypetes roxburghii) is an evergreen tree native to South Asia, often used in traditional medicine.
3. Indian Willow (Salix tetrasperma) is a species of willow native to South and Southeast Asia.
4. Peach tree (Prunus persica) is well-known for its edible fruit and is cultivated worldwide.

14. A valve that allows air to escape from or enter into a pipe:

• (A) Air relief valve
• (B) Pressure relief valve
• (C) Globe valve
• (D) Sluice valve

The correct answer is: (A) Air relief valve

Explanation:

An air relief valve, also known as an air release valve or air vent, is specifically designed to allow air to escape from or enter into a pipe system. This type of valve serves several important functions in fluid systems, particularly in water distribution networks:

1. Releasing air: It allows air to escape from the pipe during filling operations or when air accumulates at high points in the system.
2. Admitting air: It permits air to enter the pipe when the system is being drained or when negative pressure occurs, preventing pipe collapse.
3. Improving efficiency: By removing air pockets, it helps maintain system efficiency and reduces the risk of water hammer.
4. Preventing air locks: It eliminates air locks that can impede flow or cause pumps to lose prime.

15. White washing is measured in:

• (A) Sq m
• (B) Running meter
• (C) Per Cu m
• (D) Cu m

The correct answer is: (A) Sq m

 The correct sequence of sludge treatment is:

• (A) Conditioning → Reduction → Concentration/Thickening → Stabilization/Digestion → Dewatering
• (B) Stabilization/Digestion → Dewatering → Conditioning → Reduction → Concentration/Thickening
• (C) Concentration/Thickening → Stabilization/Digestion → Conditioning → Dewatering → Reduction
• (D) Concentration/Thickening → Stabilization/Digestion → Dewatering → Conditioning → Reduction

The correct answer is: (D) Concentration/Thickening → Stabilization/Digestion → Dewatering → Conditioning → Reduction

17. The horizontal circulation area of a building for the movement of users may be:

• (A) 20% to 25% of the plinth area
• (B) 22% to 27% of the plinth area
• (C) 4% to 5% of the plinth area
• (D) 10% to 15% of the plinth area

The correct answer is: (D) 10% to 15% of the Plinth Area

18. Types of vaults used in Romanesque churches:

• (A) Barrel and Rib vaults
• (B) Barrel and Groin vaults
• (C) Groin and Fan vaults
• (D) Rib and Groin vaults

The correct answer is: (B) Barrel and Groin vaults

19. The basement shall not be used for:

• (A) Air conditioning equipment
• (B) Strong rooms
• (C) Residential purposes
• (D) Parking spaces

The correct answer is: (C) Residential purposes

20. The golden section can be expressed algebraically by the equation of two ratios:

• (A) a/b = a/(a + b)
• (B) a/b = b/(a + a)
• (C) a/b = b + b/(a + b)
• (D) a/b = b/(a + b)

The correct answer is: (D) a/b = b/(a + b)

21. The aggregate area of openings in hot and dry climate shall not be less than:

• (A) One-sixth of the floor area
• (B) One-eighth of the floor area
• (C) One-twelfth of the floor area
• (D) One-tenth of the floor area

The correct answer is: (A) One-sixth of the floor area

22. The principle of Town Planning "First layout the towns and then plan the houses" was defined in the Vedic period book:

• (A) Manasara
• (B) Sthapati
• (C) Silpashastra
• (D) Viswa Karmaprakash

The correct answer is: (A) Manasara

23. Isometric Projection is a type of:

• (A) Axonometric Projection
• (B) Oblique Projection
• (C) Perspective Projection
• (D) Orthographic Projection

The correct answer is: (A) Axonometric Projection

24. The aphorism "Less is more" is coined by:

• (A) Mies van der Rohe
• (B) Walter Gropius
• (C) Le Corbusier
• (D) Frank Lloyd Wright

The correct answer is: (A) Mies van der Rohe

25. This command in AUTOCAD creates a polygon mesh surface by revolving a 2D profile object about an axis:

• (A) REVSURF
• (B) RULESURF
• (C) EDGESURF
• (D) TABSURF

The correct answer is: (A) REVSURF

26. The factors which would directly affect human comfort are:

• (A) Air movement, air temperature, humidity, radiation
• (B) Air movement, evaporation, humidity, radiation
• (C) Air movement, air temperature, humidity, conduction
• (D) Rainfall, air temperature, humidity, radiation

The correct answer is: (A) Air movement, air temperature, humidity, radiation

27. The famous Heydar Aliyev Center in Baku, Azerbaijan is designed by:

• (A) Zaha Hadid
• (B) Frank Owen Gehry
• (C) Alvaro Siza
• (D) Norman Foster

The correct answer is: (A) Zaha Hadid

28. GIS data model which is a vector-based data model where each element on the map becomes a logical record in a digital file and is defined as a string with X-Y coordinates is called:

• (A) Topological data model
• (B) Triangulated irregular network model
• (C) Digital elevation model
• (D) Spaghetti Data Model

The correct answer is: (D) Spaghetti Data Model

29. A type of massive structure built in ancient Mesopotamia in the form of a terraced compound of successively receding stories:

• (A) Pyramids
• (B) Mastabas
• (C) Sphinx
• (D) Ziggurat

The correct answer is: (D) Ziggurat

30. Width of Right of Way for major/arterial roads should not be less than:

• (A) 60-70 feet
• (B) 80-100 feet
• (C) 120-150 feet
• (D) 50-60 feet

The correct answer is: (C) 120-150 feet

31. Brick masonry used to build low energy wall systems:

• (A) Flemish bond
• (B) Rat-trap bond
• (C) Stretcher bond
• (D) English bond

The correct answer is: (B) Rat-trap bond

32. The 'Campanile', world famous leaning tower, is associated with:

• (A) Italy
• (B) New York
• (C) China
• (D) Paris

The correct answer is: (A) Italy

33. As per the National Board of Fire Underwriters, the recommended pressure at the fire nozzle, where more than 10 buildings exceed three storeys in height:

• (A) 4 kg/cm²
• (B) 1.5 kg/cm²
• (C) 5 kg/cm²
• (D) 3.5 kg/cm²

The correct answer is: (C) 5 kg/cm²

34. The amount of earnest money in tender varies from:

• (A) 2.5% to 3.5%
• (B) 3% to 4%
• (C) 4% to 5%
• (D) 1% to 2%

The correct answer is: (D) 1% to 2%

35. The Kalasa on top of North Hindu style temple is also known as:

• (A) Chhapra
• (B) Amalaka
• (C) Jangha
• (D) Pida

The correct answer is: (B) Amalaka

36. As per Indian Road Congress, stopping sight distance for a design speed of 80 kph:

• (A) 90 metres
• (B) 100 metres
• (C) 120 metres
• (D) 80 metres

The correct answer is: (C) 120 metres

37. The unit of sound decibel is equal to:

• (A) 10 bel
• (B) 100 bel
• (C) 1/100 of bel
• (D) 1/10 of bel

The correct answer is: (D) 1/10 of bel

38. Stoa in Greek architecture refers to:

• (A) A house for chief dignitaries of the city
• (B) A council hall
• (C) A colonnaded building as shelter at religious shrines
• (D) An open-air marketplace

The correct answer is: (C) A colonnaded building as shelter at religious shrines

39. The height of the Mezzanine floor shall be:

• (A) More than 2.70 m and above
• (B) More than 2.20 m and less than 2.70 m
• (C) More than 2.00 m and less than 2.20 m
• (D) More than 2.70 m and less than 2.90 m

The correct answer is: (B) More than 2.20 m and less than 2.70 m

40. The maximum strength in concrete can be obtained by:

• (A) Increasing the size of aggregate
• (B) Decreasing the size of aggregate
• (C) Increasing the water cement ratio
• (D) Lowering the water cement ratio

The correct answer is: (B) Decreasing the size of aggregate

41. The magnitude of noise levels for heavy road traffic (highways) lies between:

• (A) 80-90 dB
• (B) 90-110 dB
• (C) 70-80 dB
• (D) 60-70 dB

The correct answer is: (A) 80-90 dB

42. The five elements of ekistics given by Doxiadis are:

• (A) nature, man, society, shells, networks
• (B) nature, man, society, earth, networks
• (C) nature, man, ecology, shells, networks
• (D) nature, man, society, shells, globe

The correct answer is: (A) nature, man, society, shells, networks

43. In metals which one is not a form of corrosion?

• (A) Stress corrosion
• (B) Deflective corrosion
• (C) Selective corrosion
• (D) Pitting corrosion

The correct answer is: (B) Deflective corrosion

44. The ambulatory path in Stupa is termed as:

• (A) Vedica path
• (B) Raj path
• (C) Pradakshina path
• (D) Urdhva patas

The correct answer is: (C) Pradakshina path

45. The city which is in worse stage and unfit for dwelling comes under the category of:

• (A) Megalopolis
• (B) Necropolis
• (C) Tyrannopolis
• (D) Eopolis

The correct answer is: (B) Necropolis

The height of the Mezzanine floor shall be:

• (A) More than 2.70 m and above
• (B) More than 2.20 m and less than 2.70 m
• (C) More than 2.00 m and less than 2.20 m
• (D) More than 2.70 m and less than 2.90 m

The correct answer is: (B) More than 2.20 m and less than 2.70 m

46. According to the requirements of the National Board of Fire Underwriters, Fire-flow required for fire protection in a city of 10,000 population:

• (A) 13500 litres/min
• (B) 15750 litres/min
• (C) 22500 litres/min
• (D) 6750 litres/min

Answer: (A) 13500 litres/min

This is based on the following information from the search results:

• For a city with population ≤ 2 lakhs (20,000), the National Board of Fire Underwriters formula is:
  Q = 4637 √p [1 – 0.01 √p]
  Where, Q = Fire flow in litres/minute
  p = Population in thousands
• Plugging in p = 10 (for 10,000 population):
  Q = 4637 √10 [1 – 0.01 √10]
  = 14,667 [1 - 0.0316]
  = 14,667 * 0.9684
  ≈ 13,500 litres/minute

47. Which of the following are the qualities of color?

• (A) Hue, Intensity, Value, Temperature
• (B) Hue, Intensity, Value, Precipitation
• (C) Hue, Intensity, Value, Wavelength
• (D) Hue, Intensity, Value, Humidity

Answer: (A) Hue, Intensity, Value, Temperature

48. Which one is not a type of Piles used in deep foundation?

• (A) P-Piles
• (B) Screw Piles
• (C) Disc Piles
• (D) H-Piles

Answer: (C)  Disc Piles

49. Which among the following statements are true for PERT?

1. It stands for Program Evaluation and Review Technique.
2. It uses a network diagram consisting of events which must be established to reach project objectives.
3. Cost optimization is given prime importance in PERT.
4. Used for Repetitive types of projects.

• (A) I and II
• (B) I and IV
• (C) I, II, and IV
• (D) I and III

Answer: (A) I and II

50. Distance of the object on drawing upon the corresponding actual distance of the object is termed as:

• (A) Representative Fraction
• (B) Representation Fraction
• (C) Repetition Factor
• (D) Representative Factor

Answer: (A) Representative Fraction

51. The ordering principles used in architectural composition are:

• (A) Volume, axis, hierarchy, rhythm
• (B) Axis, symmetry, hierarchy, rhythm
• (C) Axis, symmetry, line, rhythm
• (D) Plane, axis, symmetry, rhythm

Answer: (B) Axis, symmetry, hierarchy, rhythm

52. Raster encoding method in which data compression technique that encodes a sequence of data units as a single data unit based on the principle of spatial auto-relation:

• (A) Block encoding
• (B) Quad tree encoding
• (C) Chain encoding
• (D) Run length encoding

Answer: (D) Run length encoding

53. The dome of Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome was designed by:

• (A) Leonardo da Vinci
• (B) Raphael
• (C) Donatello
• (D) Michelangelo

Answer: (D) Michelangelo

54. 'Guniting' is the:

• (A) Anti-Termite treatment
• (B) Fire resistant construction
• (C) Acid proof flooring
• (D) Damp proofing method

Answer: (D) Damp proofing method

55. The expenditure incurred by the contractor is paid by the owner as agreed and over the above he is paid a certain percentage as profit for his professional services is called:

• (A) Cost plus fixed fee tender
• (B) Labour
• (C) Lump-sum tender
• (D) Cost plus percentage tender

Answer: (D) Cost plus percentage tender

56. The concept of The Growth Pole Theory was developed by:

• (A) Zipf
• (B) Galina V. Sdasyuk
• (C) Francois Perroux
• (D) Auerbach

Answer: (C) Francois Perroux

57. 'Tatami,' a floor mat, is traditionally used in:

• (A) Japan
• (B) Korea
• (C) Indonesia
• (D) China

Answer: (A) Japan

58. Pagodas were erected in:

• (A) Persian architecture
• (B) Mesopotamian architecture
• (C) Chinese architecture
• (D) Japanese architecture

Answer: (C) Chinese architecture

59. Which of the following points are true for 'Tusk Tenon Joint'?

• (A) Not so common due to its typical shape
• (B) Commonly used for stud framing in Wooden partition walls
• (C) Commonly adopted in works of heavy nature
• (D) Commonly adopted in the Timber floor Construction

Answer: (A) Not so common due to its typical shape

60. The wooden or metallic post supporting the handrail and is generally provided at hand and foot in the staircase is termed as:

• (A) Post
• (B) Balustrade
• (C) Lump-sum tender
• (D) Newel

Answer: (D) Newel

61. As per Census 2011, the number of statutory towns in India is:

• (A) 4041
• (B) 4132
• (C) 3787
• (D) 3892

Answer: (A) 4041

62. Which of the following is not a fire extinguishing system?

• (A) Wet riser system
• (B) Fire alarm system
• (C) Fire hydrants
• (D) Sprinkler system

Answer: (B) Fire alarm system

A fire alarm system is not a fire extinguishing system; rather, it is a system designed to detect and alert occupants of a fire. In contrast, the other options listed are indeed fire extinguishing systems:

• (A) Wet riser system: A fixed water distribution system used for firefighting in high-rise buildings.
• (C) Fire hydrants: Standpipes that provide a source of water for firefighting.
• (D) Sprinkler system: A system that automatically releases water to extinguish or control fires.

63. The factors that are considered for the orientation of a building are:

• (A) Solar Heat, Climate, Humidity, Rainfall, Site Conditions
• (B) Solar Heat, Wind, Climate, Rainfall, Site Conditions
• (C) Solar Heat, Wind, Humidity, Rainfall, Site Conditions
• (D) Climate, Wind, Humidity, Rainfall, Site Conditions

Answer: (B) Solar Heat, Wind, Climate, Rainfall, Site Conditions

64. The dressed stones for accurate bedding and jointing are termed as:

• (A) Coursed rubble masonry
• (B) Random rubble masonry
• (C) Dry rubble masonry
• (D) Ashlar masonry

Answer: (D) Ashlar masonry

65. Welwyn City is planned on the principle of

• (A) City Beautiful
• (B) Garden City
• (C) Satellite Towns
• (D) Diagnostic Approach

Answer: (B) Garden City

66. The Industrial Estate Programme was initiated in the year of

• (A) 1955
• (B) 1978
• (C) 1980
• (D) 1960

Answer: (A) 1955

67. Area of kitchen in a restaurant with storage should occupy minimum of

• (A) 1/3 of its entire area
• (B) 1/4 of its entire area
• (C) 1/5 of its entire area
• (D) 1/2 of its entire area

Answer: (A) 1/3 of its entire area

68. The water pressure available at each fire hydrant is of the order of

• (A) 3 kg/cm²
• (B) 3.5 kg/cm²
• (C) 4.5 kg/cm²
• (D) 2 kg/cm²

Answer: (A) 3.5 kg/cm²

69. As per URDPFI Guidelines, population range of medium town II is

• (A) 1 lakh - 5 lakh
• (B) 5 lakh - 10 lakh
• (C) 20,000 - 50,000
• (D) 50,000 - 1 lakh

Answer: (A) 1 lakh - 5 lakh

\70. Chaumukh or Four faced temples are examples of

• (A) South Hindu architecture
• (B) Jain architecture
• (C) North Hindu architecture
• (D) Buddhist architecture

Answer: (B) Jain architecture

71. The lower half of the arch between the crown and skewback is called

• (A) Intrados
• (B) Haunch
• (C) Spandrel
• (D) Springer

Answer: (B) Haunch

72. Whole neighborly area or Super Block Planning Concept given by Clarence Stein was first incorporated in the city of

• (A) Letchworth
• (B) Greater London
• (C) Radburn
• (D) Welwyn

Answer: (C) Radburn

73. The two common Renaissance decoration styles are

• (A) Sgraffito and Plateresque
• (B) Crockets and Plateresque
• (C) Cartouche and Sgraffito
• (D) Cartouche and Crockets

Answer: (A) Sgraffito and Plateresque

74. In city planning, Grid Iron Pattern of road system is negated by

• (A) Charles Correa
• (B) Sir Patrick Geddes
• (C) Clarence Stein
• (D) Sir Patrick Abercrombie

Answer: (B) Sir Patrick Geddes

75. The recommended ECS required for Residential Plot - Group Housing as recommended by NBC

• (A) 2.0 ECS/100 sqm built up area
• (B) 3.0 ECS/100 sqm built up area
• (C) 4.0 ECS/100 sqm built up area
• (D) 1.0 ECS/100 sqm built up area

Answer: (B) 3.0 ECS/100 sqm built up area