ABACUS: A slab forming the crowning member of the capital.
ABUTMENT: Solid masonry which resist the lateral pressure of the arch.
AGORA: The Greek equipment of the roman forum, a place of open air assembly or market place.
AMPHETHEATRE: The circular structure characterized by rising tier of stone seats contained within an arched stone outer wall that was used by Romans for circus performance and gladiatorial contest.
ARCHADE: A series of arches supported by piers or column or roof passageway or a lane.
ARCH: A structure of welded shape bricks over an opening , so disposed as to hold together when supported only by one side.
ARCHITRAVE: The beam or lowest division of entablature which extend from column. Also the moulded frame round a window or door-frame.
ASHLAR MASONARY : Masonry construction using a square stone.
ATTIC : Upper storey of a building above the main cornice, also the rooms in a Roof.
BALCONY: A platform projecting from an upper story and enclosed by a railing.
BALUSTER : A pillar or column supporting a handrail or coping, a series forming a balustrade.
BANDING: Horizontal subdivision of the column or wall using a change in profile Or change in material.
BASEMENT: The lowest stage of the building , usually an underground storey.
BASE: The lowest part of the structure.
BAY: The principal division of an interior of exterior elevation.
BAY WINDOW: A set of two or more window that protrude out from the wall. The window is moved away from the wall.
BEAM: Horizontal load bearing member of structure of building framework.
BELL ROOF: A roof whose cross section is shaped like a well.
BOARD FEET: A unit of measurement based on volume. 144 cubic inches of the wood equals one board feet.
BOND: A term adopted to describe the various pattern used to lay bricks in order to give a maximum strength. For example English bond , Flemish bond etc.
BUILDING CODE: A set of law drafted by the governing body of a borough, town or city to control building construction “ to promote the public health safety and general welfare” of the people in that locality.
BUTTRESS: A projection of masonry or a brick work frame to give additional strength to the wall.
CANOPY: A projection or a hood over the door, window, niche, etc.
CAPITAL: The elaboration at the top of a column, pillar, pier or a pilaster.
CANTELEVER: Part of beam or a floor which projects beyond his
supports.
CASEMENT WINDOW: A window that opens by swinging inwards or outward much like door. Casement windows are usually vertical in shape but are often grouped in a band.
CHAITY: A Buddhist meeting hall.
CHATRI: A domed pavilion supported by columns at each corner, which is characteristic element of mugal architecture in India.
CHIMNEY: A passage of structure extending above the roof, through which smokes escapes.
CLADDING: The light weight outer skin of the building that does not carry any weight or support the building , but does keep the wind and rain out. A term used to describe the siding or materials covering the exterior of the building.
CLERESTORY WINDOW:A window (usually narrow) placed in the upper wall of the room, usually at a angle, to provide extra light.
COFFERS: Used for and aesthetic purpose enabling column free large span structure.
COLONADE: A row of column forming an element of an architectural composition, carrying a flat-topped entablature or an row of arches.
COLUMN: A vertical structural support support of a building carrying a compression load.
COPING: A flat cover of stone or brick that protect the top of the wall from rain.
CORNICE: Cornice is the decorative band of moulding that round the wall of the room, just bellow the ceiling.
COURSE: A continuous raw of building materials, such as single brick or stone.
CURTAIL WALL: In older times, it was a fortified wall of castle. Nowadays, a non-structural or non-load bearing wall either of glass or reinforced plastic.
DUCT: A sheet metal enclosure carrying a warm or a cool air from a forced air heating or cooling plant.
EAVES: Lowermost edge of the roof, sloping, or otherwise, generally employed where roof over hangs sides of the building.
ELEVATION: Any vertical face of the building be it exterior or interior or a drawing of the same.
ENGLISH BOND: Brickwork pattern with alternate course of header and stretchers.
FACADE: The front face of the elevation of a building or any structure, which can also be sculpted.
FANLIGHT: A semi-circular or semi elliptical window with a horizontal sill often above the door.
FLYING BUTTRESS: A detached pier supporting the weight of a building.
FOUNDATION: Sub structure on which the building stands.
FRESCO: It is the art of decorative or painting on walls by application of pure pigments dissolved in the water on the wall plaster.
FRIEZE: A band with deigns or a carvings along a wall or above doorways and window.
GABLE: A triangular area of an exterior wall formed by two sloping roofs.
GARBHA GRIHA: The small unlit shrine of Hindu temple.
GOPURAM: A gate tower of Hindu temple, ornate, pyramid shaped, and sometimes very large.
GUTTER: A metal or plastic through along the edge of a roof that collects water off eave and carries it to the downspout.
HEADER: Short side of the brick faces out.
HIPPED ROOF: A roof which slopes on the four sides. The “hipes” are the line formed when the slopes meets at the corner.
JAMB: The vertical member of the window or a door frame
KEYSTONE: The central, topmost stone of the an arch which
tight the All stone of the arches.
LINTEL: A horizontal beam like a structure that span an opening such as door and window.
LOUVER VENT: An opening fitted with a series of sloping slats arranged to admit light and air but shed rain.
MEZZANINE: Strictly speaking it is the leave or floor between the ground floor and first floor.
MODULE: A measure of the proportion adopted for a building on which all other dimension are based. In other words a basic unit from which other part of building are derived.
MOULDING: Shape decorative outlines on projecting cornices and
members in wood and stone.
MULLION: The vertical member separating the adjacent window.
NECROPOLIS: A burial ground.
NICHE: A recess of wall to place various decorations.
OBELINK: An Egyptian monument with a tall, tapering shaft of stone with a pyramidal top.
PARAPET: Portion of the wall that extend above the roof (wall surrounding the flat roof).
PARTITION: The name gives to the interior wall. Simply the wall separate the room from another room.
PIAZZA/PLAZA: An open public square.
PIER: A vertical, non-circular masonry support, more massive than a column.
PILASTER: A rectangular vertical member projecting only slightly from a wall, with abase and a capital as with a column.
PILLAR: Similar to pier but more slender than it, it also non-circular.
PITCH: The rate at which a roof or the other surface slopes.
PLAN: A plan simply a two-dimensional drawing of the size and a shape of a space usually with dimensions. It is an orthographic projection, usually top view of an object.
PODIUM: A raised platform derives from the poda for feet, also the platform on which building is constructed.
PORTICO: It is an entry porch or vestibule supported by columns.
QUION: A stone or a block reinforcing or accenting the corners of a building.
RENDERING: The art or a various technique are used to make a drawing as realistic as possible or sometimes to make their art non-realistic as well in order to express their work effectively.
RIDGE: The top-most portion of the roof from which sides fall away.
RISE: The vertical distance from one stair tread to the next..
RISER: The vertical portion of a step.
ROSE WINDOW: Decorative circular window.
RUBBLE: Masonry construction using stones of irregular shapes and size.
SECTION: it is representation of a solid object or a building as it would appear if cut by an intersecting plane, so that the internal configuration is clearly visible making it easier to read the drawing.
SHIKHARA: A spire like structure , conical or pyramidal in shape, erected above the shrines of Hindu temple.
SHINGLES: These are the wooden or clay tiles used for covering roof or cladding of walls.
SHUTTER: A movable cover of window used for protection from weather and intruders.
SILL: A horizontal piece forming a bottom frame of the window or door opening.
SKYLIGHT: A window on the roof to provide light to a loft or a room without other lighting.
SKIRTING: Protective tiling to on vertical plane at base of the wall to protect wall from water while cleaning the floor.
STAMBHAS: Free standing monumental pillars, characteristic of Buddhist architecture.
STILE: The vertical side of window sash.
STOREY: A horizontal division of building, from floor to the ceiling above it.
STRECHER: Long side of the brick faces out.
STUPA: Hemispherical structure of Buddhism, used for keeping relics or belonging of Buddhist teacher.
TERRAZO: A colorful flooring material made of cement and marble chips or stones. After the floor hardened it is ground and polished to smooth and durable finish.
TOUNGH AND GROOVE:A type of wooden siding with the edge of other board fitting into the groove of the next:
TRANSOME: The horizontal member separating adjacent window.
TREAD: The horizontal portion of step, on which feet lies to accent for next one.
TRUSS: A framework for supporting a roof. they are structural member to support the roof usually made in steel or wood.
VASTUSHASTRA: Traditional Hindu system of Architecture.
VAULT: An arched covering/ a series of arches one behind the other.
VIHARA: A Buddhist monastery.
VERNACULAR: Style or type of architecture or design philosophy peculiar to the culture or race or locality.
WASTE PIPE: The name generally applied to all household drainage pipe.
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